The age of the Earth, the structure of the Earth, tectonic theory, continental drift, geohazards, basic facts about the solar system, how stars are formed, how stars die, parallax measurements, the work of Hubble, the formation and end of the universe.

Intensity of light and heat, ionisation, microwaves, protecting against harmful radiation, the greenhouse efefct, ozone, the carbon cycle, balancing carbon dioxide levels, global warming.

The structure of the atom, isotopes, radioactivity, types of radiation, ionisation, radiation penetration, half life, danger of radioactivity, uses of radiation, burning fuels, power stations, nuclear fuels, chain reactions, disposing of radioactive waste, renewable forms of energy.

Distance, speed and time and their graphs, acceleration, speed-time graphs, balanced and unbalanced forces, air resistance, momentum, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and work done.

Static electricity, uses and dangers of static, circuit symbols, series and parallel circuits, current and voltage, resistance, LDRs and thermistors, electromagnetic induction, power, energy and time, the cost of electricity, efficiency.

The basics of waves, the Wave Equation, reflection, refraction, finding the critical angle, wave behaviour, diffraction, constructive and destructive interference, 2-slit interference patterns, the visible spectrum, the electromagnetic spectrum, transmitting information, amplitude and frequency modulation, analogue and digital signals.

The solar system, the orbit and spin of the Earth, sidereal days, viewing stars, viewing planets, the phases of the moon, lunar and solar eclipses, converging and diverging lenses, ray diagrams, using lenses in telescopes, using mirrors in telescopes, magnification, parallax, measuring distance to stars using their brightness, the Curtis-Shapley debate, Hubble's Law, gas pressure, particle motion in gases, kinetic theory, the pressure-temperature law, the structure of the sun, absorption and emission spectra, the life cycle of a star, nebulae, main sequence stars, red giants, white dwarfs, supernovae and black holes, the Rutherford Scattering Experiment, the structure of the atom, observing the universe, optical vs radio telescopes, the Hubble Space Telescope.

The Earth's atmosphere, air pollution, measuring pollution, elements and compounds, simple compunds, burning fuels, removing pollution, reducing pollution from vehicles, making choices about pollution.

Crude oil, fractional distillation, properties of different man-made materials, polymers and polymerisation, uses of addition polymers, structure of plastics, modifying plastic structures, life cycle assessments, disposing of plastics, recycling.

The nitrogen cycle, farming methods, uses of glucose, artificial additives, E numbers, allergies, labelling foods, the Food Standards Agency, the digestive system, amino acids, balanced diets, controlling blood sugar levels, diabetes.

The structure of the atom, mass and atomic numbers, flame tests, electron structure, the periodic table, balancing equations, hazard signs, the alkali metals, the halogens, displacement reactions, trends in groups 1 and 7, electrolysis, ionic bonding, balancing ions.

The structure of the Earth, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, chemicals in the air, forces between molecules, water molecules, dissolving crystal lattices, covalent structures, chemicals of the biosphere , balancing equations, extracting metals, calculating percentage mass, life cycle assessments, electrolysis, extracting aluminium, properties of metals.

The pH scale, common acids and alkalis, neutralisation experiments, balancing ions, making salts, atom economy, atomic and molecular mass, calculating the mass of a product, titration, measuring the rate of a reaction, rates of reaction graphs, using catalysts.

Alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, saturated and unsaturated fats, esters, exothermic and endothermic reactions, using catalysts, calculating bond energies, reversible reactions, strong and weak acids, chromatography, Rf values, gas chromatography, standard solutions, titration equations, reliability, precision, systematic errors, uncertainty, hazard symbols, green chemistry, atom economy, percentage yield, producing ethanol.

Variation, genes, chromosomes and DNA, how genes work, sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, determining gender, androgen, genetic cross diagrams, genetic testing, embryo selection, gene therapy, cloning animals, stem cell research.

Microbes, diseases, fungi, fighting diseases, antibodies, HIV and AIDS, vaccination policies, using antibiotics, super bacteria, developing new drugs, placebos, the circulatory system, arteries and veins, heart disease, high blood pressure.

The development of life on Earth, common ancestors, sharing DNA, evolution, natural selection and examples, the work of Darwin, Lamarck and Weismann, extinct and endangered soecies, mutating DNA, protecting endangered species, selective breeding, food chains and webs, hormonal and nervous systems, insulin, the reproductive system, conscious and reflex actions.

Homeostasis, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, enzymes, body temperature, heat stroke and hypothermia, kidneys, controlling water content, hormones.

Plant and animal cells, mitosis and meoisis, sexual reproduction, DNA, making proteins, the role of RNA, stem cells, plant growth, meristems, xylem and phloen, cloning plants, plant hormones.

The nervous system, nervous reactions, nerve cells, conscious actions, reflex actions, simple reflexes in humans, Pavlov's Dog, complex behaviour, the cerebral cortex, memory, the effect of drugs.